Case studies

The numbers, and how they will be measured.

Glasent has not shipped a customer result yet, and this page says so. What it does have is a measurement method, a report template and a worked scenario, so the first case study will be one a quality team can check.

Method

How we measure, and what we exclude

There are no case studies yet. There is a measurement method, agreed before any pilot, so that when the first report exists it can be trusted.

  • Plant-owned baseline. Cullet, defect rate, energy per tonne, breakage or escaped-defect risk from the plant's own genealogy and inspection records, over an agreed window.
  • Same instruments before and after. No new sensor is used to score a result that the baseline did not have.
  • Named exclusions. Campaign changes, raw-material swaps, unrelated outages and product mix shifts are listed and removed from both sides.
  • Reproducible. Every figure in the report can be regenerated from the lot records by the plant's own quality team.

Pilot report template

Scope
line · product · agent · autonomy level reached
KPI
one, agreed in writing
Baseline
window · method · value
Result
window · method · value
Exclusions
event · reason · effect
Approvals
count · time-to-approve · overrides
Decision
convert · extend · stop
Run timeline · scenario

Scenario: FL-2 thickness change

Every Glasent run is an ordered, inspectable sequence. This is scenario_fl2_01 on FL-2 · float line · clear soda-lime: Thickness change FL-2 · 6 mm to 4 mm clear float, residual stress inside spec, zero escaped seeds. It is a worked scenario that shows the shape of a run, not a measured customer result.

scenario_fl2_01 · agent graph · FL-2 10 nodes · 1 approval gate · scenario
01 · orchestrator ingest.order ✓ SUCCEEDED 02 · twin twin.simulate ✓ SUCCEEDED 03 · batch_melt melt.pull ✓ SUCCEEDED 04 · form_shape form.ribbon ✓ SUCCEEDED 05 · anneal_stress anneal.curve ✓ SUCCEEDED 06 · defect_inspect inspect.ribbon ✓ SUCCEEDED 07 · orchestrator yield.balance ✓ SUCCEEDED 08 · orchestrator approve.human ◆ APPROVAL 09 · robot_handling handle.stack ✓ SUCCEEDED 10 · orchestrator ware.qualify ✓ SUCCEEDED
scenario_fl2_01 FL-2 · float line · clear soda-lime scenario SUCCEEDED
  1. 01 ingest.order SUCCEEDED 0.9 s

    Plant Orchestrator · Pulled the 4 mm clear float spec, optical-grade tolerances and the standing energy window from plant MES; locked the target envelope for the run.

  2. 02 twin.simulate SUCCEEDED 41 s

    Glastwin · Simulated 36 candidate transition recipes across furnace pull, tin-bath ribbon speed and lehr curve; ranked them on seed risk, residual stress and energy per tonne.

  3. 03 melt.pull SUCCEEDED 6 m 20 s

    Meltrix · Stepped furnace pull toward the new ribbon mass flow while holding melt temperature and fining; chemistry stayed inside the composition window.

  4. 04 form.ribbon SUCCEEDED 4 m 05 s

    Formeon · Raised ribbon speed and re-angled the top rollers to thin the ribbon toward 4 mm; thickness converged inside the design tolerance.

  5. 05 anneal.curve SUCCEEDED 3 m 12 s

    Anneon · Re-shaped the lehr cooling curve for the thinner, faster ribbon so residual stress stays inside spec at the higher speed.

  6. 06 inspect.ribbon SUCCEEDED continuous

    Seedscan · 8 camera, optical and stress stations streaming; a seed cluster flagged at the ribbon edge and attributed to the pull transient, routed to cullet.

  7. 07 yield.balance SUCCEEDED 2.4 s

    Plant Orchestrator · Re-sequenced cut sizes so transition ribbon routes to cullet recovery and good ribbon to the highest-value open order.

  8. 08 approve.human APPROVAL 48 s

    Plant Orchestrator · The second pull step exceeded the site autonomy threshold. Held for the glass technologist on shift; approved and written to the audit log.

  9. 09 handle.stack SUCCEEDED 1 m 10 s

    Panebot · Re-planned pick and stack paths for the thinner panes; plates flagged by Seedscan diverted to cullet, good plates stacked to rack A3.

  10. 10 ware.qualify SUCCEEDED 1 m 02 s

    Plant Orchestrator · Lot released with full genealogy: batch, melt, forming, lehr curve, defect map, stress map and the technologist's approval.

Tool calls · scenario

The tool calls behind the scenario

Every tool invocation, argument and result is written to an immutable, human-readable log, and every reasoning step is expandable. Nothing about a run is hidden from the plant.

tool-call stream · scenario_fl2_01
  1. 02:14:03mes.read_orders({ line: "FL-2", next: "CLR-4MM" })
  2. 02:14:03ok spec locked · 4.0 mm · optical grade · stress limit set
  3. 02:14:04twin.simulate({ candidates: 36, horizon: "22 min" })
  4. 02:14:45ok best recipe #19 · seed risk low · stress inside spec
  5. 02:14:46policy.evaluate({ recipe: 19, autonomy: "L3" })
  6. 02:14:46ok 11 writes permitted · 1 write requires human approval
  7. 02:14:47scada.write_setpoint({ tag: "F1.PULL_SP", step: 1 })
  8. 02:21:07ok pull step 1 settled · fining stable · chemistry in window
  9. 02:21:08float.write_ribbon({ speed: "+", rollers: "re-angle" })
  10. 02:25:13ok thickness converging to 4.0 mm · flatness in tolerance
  11. 02:25:14lehr.write_curve({ zones: 12, profile: "4mm-fast" })
  12. 02:28:26ok residual stress inside spec at new belt speed
  13. 02:28:27vision.stream({ stations: 8, model: "seedscan-v3" })
  14. 02:28:41seed cluster · ribbon edge · attributed to pull transient
  15. 02:28:42cuopt.sequence({ objective: "cullet+energy" })
  16. 02:28:44ok transition ribbon routed to cullet · good ribbon to order
  17. 02:28:45approval.request({ action: "pull_step_2" })
  18. 02:29:33ok approved by the technologist on shift · logged
  19. 02:31:02isaac.plan_path({ stack: "A3", thickness: "4.0 mm" })
  20. 02:32:12ok paths validated in Isaac Sim · flagged plates diverted
  21. 02:33:15mes.log_lot({ lot: "FL2-4MM", genealogy: "full" })
  22. 02:34:17ok scenario run complete · stress in spec · 0 escaped seeds

Reasoning trace

Plan, thought, action, observation, exactly as the orchestrator would record it.

GoalMove FL-2 from 6 mm to 4 mm clear float with residual stress i…

Move FL-2 from 6 mm to 4 mm clear float with residual stress inside spec and zero escaped seeds.

PlanSimulate the transition on the twin first. Lead with furnace p…

Simulate the transition on the twin first. Lead with furnace pull so the ribbon mass flow is right before the forming change, then thin the ribbon, then re-shape the lehr curve. Watch the ribbon continuously; hold the second pull step for a human.

ThoughtThe standing recipe changes pull and ribbon speed together. On…

The standing recipe changes pull and ribbon speed together. On the twin that produces a fining transient that seeds the ribbon edge. Sequencing the pull step ahead of the forming change and holding fining removes most of it.

Actiontwin.simulate(candidates=36) returned recipe #19: pull in two …

twin.simulate(candidates=36) returned recipe #19: pull in two steps, forming change after fining settles, lehr curve re-shaped before belt speed rises.

ObservationRecipe #19 scored lowest on seed risk with stress inside spec.…

Recipe #19 scored lowest on seed risk with stress inside spec. Two candidates scored lower on energy but pushed residual stress over the site limit and were discarded.

ActionExecute recipe #19 under autonomy level L3: eleven setpoint wr…

Execute recipe #19 under autonomy level L3: eleven setpoint writes permitted, the second pull step routed to the glass technologist.

ObservationSeed cluster at the ribbon edge at 02:28:41, attributed to the…

Seed cluster at the ribbon edge at 02:28:41, attributed to the pull transient. cuOpt routed that ribbon to cullet recovery; no flagged plate reached a customer stack.

OutcomeScenario run complete. Thickness at 4.0 mm, residual stress in…

Scenario run complete. Thickness at 4.0 mm, residual stress inside spec, one approval gate, full genealogy written to the lot record.

Report

What a pilot report will contain

The fields and the measurement behind each one. Nothing here is a result; it is the contract for one.

Pilot report fields and measurement method
FieldMeasured fromMethodExclusions
CulletMES and cullet-return recordsTonnes per shift by causeCampaign and raw-material changes
Seeds, stones, checksInspection station recordsRate per thousand wareStation outages
Energy per tonneFurnace meters and pullMWh per tonne of pullFurnace repair and idling
Residual stressBirefringence and polariscopeShare of ware inside specProduct mix shifts
First-pass qualityGrade recordsShare of ware to first gradeOrder spec changes
Escaped defectsCustomer returns and field reportsCount per periodTransport damage
Scenario

The scenario, unpacked

The run on this site is a worked example. Here is what each agent did in it and why that matters to the measurement.

Melt and forming

Sequencing beat the standing recipe

The standing recipe changed pull and ribbon speed together. On Glastwin that produced a fining transient that seeded the ribbon edge. Recipe #19 stepped pull first, held fining, then thinned the ribbon. In a real pilot the measurement is seeds per thousand ware across the transition, against the baseline transitions.

Annealing and inspection

Stress held through a speed change

Anneon re-shaped the lehr curve before belt speed rose, and Seedscan attributed the one seed cluster to the pull transient so cuOpt could route that ribbon to cullet recovery. In a real pilot the measurement is the share of ware inside the stress spec and the count of flagged plates that reached a customer stack.

Measured

Design targets, stated as targets

These are the numbers the architecture is built to hit and the pilot is built to measure. None is a customer result yet; every pilot report reproduces its figures from the plant's own ware genealogy.

90–120 days Paid line pilot, shadow to assist to bounded writes
3–5 Design-partner plants in the first cohort
50k–250k Synthetic rare-defect scenes per glass family · planned
1,500°C Where the process starts, in furnaces that run for a decade
From the plant floor

The problems we hear

No customer quotes yet; we are pre-launch. These are the three buyer personas the product is built for and the pain each one describes, in their own terms.

"The furnace has run for years on the same setpoints. The process never has. We find out a melt drifted when the cullet pile grows."

Plant / operations director · ICP persona

"I can tell you why a check appeared from the lehr curve and the gob weight. I cannot be at every line, and the people who could are retiring."

Glass technologist · ICP persona

"A missed seed is a reject. A missed stress fault is a pane that shatters in the field. I need genealogy on every piece, not a spot check."

Quality / reliability engineer · ICP persona
Autonomy

Four levels, set per agent and per tag

A plant does not go from manual to unattended in one step. Glasent makes the level explicit, auditable and reversible at any time, and the first release plan is shadow, then assist, then graduated autonomy.

Autonomy levels and the human role at each
LevelWhat the agent doesWhat the person doesWhen
L1 · Shadow and advisoryObserves, predicts and recommends setpoints with its reasoningEnters every change manually; a baseline is measuredPilot weeks 1 to 3
L2 · AssistProposes a write; it executes on approvalApproves each write in the review consolePilot weeks 4 to 8
L3 · BoundedWrites inside tag, rate and magnitude limits on low-risk loopsApproves pull steps, grade releases and anything above thresholdPilot week 9 onward
L4 · UnattendedRuns the approved envelope without promptingSets the envelope; reviews the shift recordPlanned, after graduated autonomy proves out
Guardrails

An agent that can move a furnace needs a leash

Glasent writes to production equipment. Every capability is scoped, every write is policy-checked, and every action is written to an append-only audit log the plant owns.

  • Bounded action space. Each agent can only write to an explicit tag allow-list, inside per-tag rate and magnitude limits.
  • Policy engine before every write. Autonomy level, shift, product, interlock state and operator presence are all evaluated before a setpoint moves.
  • Human-in-the-loop gates. Anything above the site threshold, pull steps, grade releases, safety-adjacent moves, waits for a named approver.
  • Immutable audit log. Append-only, hash-chained, exportable, and retained on the plant's own storage.
  • Hard fallback. Loss of the edge node, the network or the model returns control to the furnace, forming and lehr systems' last known-good state.
  • Tenant and IP isolation. Compositions, forming recipes and defect libraries never cross a customer boundary. On-prem deployment available.

Compliance posture

Compliance and certification status
StandardScopeStatus
SOC 2 Type ICloud control plane RUNNING Planned in the first six months
SOC 2 Type IICloud control plane QUEUED Planned in months six to twelve
IEC 62443Plant-edge OT security RUNNING Design-aligned
ISO 9001 / IATF 16949Quality and genealogy records SUCCEEDED Record formats supported
Container and safety-glass standardsStress and defect conformance records SUCCEEDED Record formats supported

Read the security overview

FAQ

Straight answers

The questions plant directors and glass technologists ask in the first meeting.

Yes, but only within an explicit tag allow-list with per-tag rate and magnitude limits, and only at the autonomy level your site has set. Every pilot starts in shadow mode, where Glasent predicts and recommends and a person enters everything. Writes come later, after the recommendations have earned it.

Get started

Run the same measurement on your line

Agree the KPI, the baseline window and the exclusions first. Then run the pilot. Then publish the number, whatever it is.